Two days at the races?
U 8.316 Going the two days
“Cashel Boyle O'Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell” (Endymion) strutted around Dublin dodging lampposts all through Bloomsday. He made his first appearance in “Lestrygonians”.
A bony form strode along the curbstone from the river staring with a rapt gaze into the sunlight through a heavystringed glass. Tight as a skullpiece a tiny hat gripped his head. From his arm a folded dustcoat, a stick and an umbrella dangled to his stride.[…]
Mr Bloom walked on again easily, seeing ahead of him in sunlight the tight skullpiece, the dangling stickumbrelladustcoat. Going the two days. U8.295-316
What does Bloom mean when he muses that Farrell is “going the two days”? No further clues are provided in the text, so we must seek an explanation elsewhere.
The 1929 French translation of Ulysses provides a lead. Within the pages of the text translated by Auguste Morel with the assistance of Stuart Gilbert, and revised by Valery Larbaud and the author, as the canonical, much-debated formula would have it, Cashel Boyle O’Connor Fitzmaurice Tisdall Farrell appears “sur son trente-et-un”—“on his thirty-one,” a colloquial expression meaning “well-dressed, on one’s Sunday’s best, all dressed up to the nines” and yet an expression which, apart from including a number, seems oddly remote from the original form.1 On this specific case, the documents from which the avant-texte of the 1929 Ulysse may be reconstructed have much to tell.
What has come to be the published version of the phrase under study, “sur son trente-et-un,” appears as a distinct interlinear correction within the pages of the integral typescript of the first French translation.2 Auguste Morel intended it to replace his earlier translation, “En route pour son week-end. (?),” whose tentative status was highlighted by the question mark between brackets following the phrase—a potential indication for Morel’s collaborators to chip in. But who suggested this new translation, and how did the meaning shift from “going away on a weekend” to “well-dressed”? In keeping with the hierarchical work processes of the collective, Morel’s self-corrections were often prompted by Stuart Gilbert’s suggestions for improvement, traces of which can be found in two documents: a collection of “Notes sent during the translation of Ulysses,” as Gilbert went through Morel’s integral version of the text, and a notebook labelled “Glossary [of] Ulysses” which, as Serenella Zanotti has shown, very likely contains the traces of Joyce’s own answers to Gilbert’s queries and requests for clarification.3
Farrell (Endymion) as seen in Dublin
“Going the two days” is a textbook case illustrating both Gilbert and Joyce’s roles in the first French translation of Ulysses. In the Notes, an undated first round of revisions suggests work should indeed be done on Morel’s tentative translation: Gilbert referenced the typescript page number, and quoted the beginning of the provisional French version, “En route…,” and had a dot in blue pencil precede the annotation. A second round of revisions, again featuring the corresponding typescript page number, provided a tentative answer to the crux as Gilbert juxtaposed Morel’s translation (“weekend”), the original phrase (“Going the two days”) and his own, tentative interpretation, “probably means this, but I am not sure. Or a race?”. Again, a circle coloured in blue pencil, and another circle drawn in blue pencil precede the annotation. There is no key listing the meaning of specific symbols or colours attached with Gilbert’s Notes, but the second round of revisions of Morel’s “Lestrygons” does come with an undated typewritten note, on which Gilbert himself wrote that “Blue pencil indicates – reference to Mr Joyce necessary.” As Zanotti has shown, these mysterious blue dots may therefore be the very elements enabling us to identify and trace some of the doubtful elements about which Gilbert needed to ask the writer for clarification. Confirmation can be found in the Glossary, where an annotation in Gilbert’s hand referencing both the Berg Collection typescript and the 1922 text page numbers equates the original phrase (“Going the two days”) with what is likely to have been Joyce’s answer to the query, “= Fantastically dressed – Super elegant. Going two days running to the races” or, as translator Auguste Morel later put it, “sur son trente-et-un.”
In Ireland, a journal published by a village community centre provides some information on the purported origin of “going the two days”.
Oola – Past and Present, volume 2, Easter 1993, p 254
This paragraph explains the evolution of “going the two days”. It had its purported origin in the suggestion that someone would be attending a popular horseracing festival two days in a row. Or “Going two days running to the races”, as written in Gilbert’s explanatory notes. It would appear that people who were unusually well dressed became the butt of a joke: It was said that they were so well dressed that they could attend on both days of the fashionable meeting wearing the same clothes. Over time, as the joke became more widely known, “going the two days” could be said mockingly of anyone in flamboyant attire. “Fantastically dressed – Super elegant”, as also explained in Gilbert’s notes.
There is evidence that the phrase’s racing origin continued to be widely known. Newspaper archives reveal reports of two-day race meetings which include “the two days” in quotation marks. No explanations are provided, indicating that their readers were aware of the humorous association.
Nationalist and Munster Advertiser, June 4, 1921, p. 7
This is an 1886 report about a race meeting in a suburb of Joyce’s native city.
Drogheda Argus 10 June (1886), p 5
BALDOYLE
Turfites! need I say Baldoyle, our pleasant though far from well patronised metropolitan meeting, will claim your attention on Monday, and Tuesday too, if to use a phrase of the gamins, you will "go the two days."
So, Joyce could have been familiar with the expression from an early age. It is easy to imagine such a colourful phrase coming from his father or his companions.
Flavie Epié and Eamonn Finn
Footnotes
1 James Joyce, Œuvres II, ed. Jacques Aubert, trans. Auguste Morel et al., Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 420 (Paris, France: Gallimard, 1995), 179.
2 James Joyce, ‘Les Lestrygons’, trans. Auguste Morel, Valery Larbaud, and Stuart Gilbert (Typescript, n.d.), [269], mb, Ulysse. [Traduit de l’anglais par Auguste Morel, assisté par Stuart Gilbert. Traduction entièrement revue par Valery Larbaud...], James Joyce Collection of Papers, Berg Collection, New York Public Library.
3 Stuart Gilbert, ‘Notes sent during translation of Ulysses into French to M. Auguste Morel’, n.d., Series II, box 7, folder 1, James Joyce Collection, Harry Ransom Center Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin; Stuart Gilbert, ‘Glossary [of] Ulysses’, n.d., Series I, subseries C, box 6, folder 1, Stuart Gilbert Papers, Harry Ransom Center Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin; Serenella Zanotti, ‘“More than Meets the Eye”: Stuart Gilbert’s Notes on Ulysses’ (Omniscientific Joyce, the 27th International James Joyce Symposium, University of Trieste, Italy, 18 June 2021).
4 Joe Moloney, "Are You Going the Two Days?" in Oola Past and Present (Oola, Co. Limerick, Ireland: 1993). Courtesy of National Library of Ireland. Oola is a village in County Limerick, six kilometres from Barronstown.